Energy comparison: nuclear fission

Welcome back to Green World

Today we're talking about nuclear fission. This energy source is quite controverial, so we're going to be looking at why.

Before we begin, just a quick side note, there are multiple forms of nuclear power. This post is about nuclear fission. Nuclear decay is rarely used, most notably in some space missions. Nuclear fusion is currently being researched by scientists around the world and isn't used for commercial electricity yet.

First, let's explain how nuclear fission actually works. This involves a lot of complicated chemistry and physics, but I'll do my best to explain it. Before anything else we need to look at what is in an atom.

In this image, the grey represents negatively charged electrons, which circle the nucleus (plural: nuclei) in the center. The nucleus (blue and red) is made up of positively chargerd protons and neutrons (which are neutral). This means that the nucleus is positive. The protons and neutrons are held together by nuclear force. Therefore, the nucleus contains a lot of energy. Nuclear fission is the process of breaking the nucleus up and releasing that energy.

So now that we've got the basic vocabulary covered, we can move on to the actual process of fission. First a neutron is shot towards a nucleus at a great speed. The energy in the neutron and the speed that it's moving deforms the nucleus into a doubled lobed shaped (a bit like a peanut). The gap between the two lobes grows bigger until it's too big for the nuclear force to hold the protons and neutrons together. The nucleus breaks into smaller fragments, consisting of only a couple protons and neutrons each. Two, sometimes three, neutrons break apart and aren't connected to any protons at all. The positively charged fragments (due to the protons) repel each other, which causes the single neutrons to fly off at high speeds. These neutrons then hit the nuclei from nearby atoms and restart the whole process. The energy released when the neucleus breaks apart is what we then turn into electricity.

The most commonly stated problem with nuclear fission is the storage and disposal of by-products. Nuclear waste is split into three categories based on the level of radiation: low, intermediate and high. 90% of all fission waste falls has a low radioactive level. 3% of fission waste has a high radioactive level. These 3% release 95% of total the radioactivity from nulcear fission plants. However Harvard University states on its website, that ".. coal power plants release more radioactive material per kWh into the environment in the form of coals ash than does waste from a nuclear power plant under standard shielding protocols." The fatality rates per kWh are higher in fossil feuls than in nuclear power. This is also due to the dangers of coal mining which we covered here. There are no CO2 emissions in nuclear power after the power plants have been constructed, meaning that nuclear power only produces 16kg of CO2 for every kWh of electricity that is produced, compared to the 820kg CO2 per kWh released by coal plants.The radioactivity of nuclear waste is reduced to 0.1% after about 50 years.

Another big problem are the nuclear disasters. Inside a nuclear power plant, there are all sorts of protective messures such as coolers, etc. Nuclear disasters occur when something go wrong and it leads to vast amounts of electromagnetic radiation which has 100 000 times more energy than visible light! Nuclear disasters often occur after natural disasters such as tsunamis or earthquakes as these can shut down the protective messures. There is a cancer risk connected to these disasters. 5 000 thyroid cancer cases have been connected to the Chernobyl accident in 1986 in Ukraine which left a large inhabitable zone and caused thousands to evactuate their homes.

We hoped you found this post interesting. It's a very complex discussion and there are some many more points than we mentioned here. See you next week!

Your Green World Blog Team💚

Images:

Atom structure: This image was published on pixabay.com by geralt.

Sources:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_force

https://www.space.com/what-is-nuclear-fission

https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2016/reconsidering-risks-nuclear-power/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power

Comments

Photo Essay || Iceland Series (part 1)

Hi Everyone! I recently went on a school trip to Iceland! It was such an incredible experience (and I'm going to sound cheesy now) but it was also incredible to do it with some of my closest friends! I saw so many incredible things and learnt so much, so I couldn't resist sharing a little Iceland mini series of posts, all about Iceland, both my experiences there and what I saw, but also the way it uses geothermal energy, and the animals, natural landforms and plants that are there. Today I'm sharing some photos of my trip. These are all photos I have taken, and are also the highlights so please bear that in mind as you browse these! I hope it is interesting and inspires you to book a trip to Iceland! The blue lagoon <33 landscapes.... Lost little farmhouses a...

Coral reefs

Hello! We would love to introduce you to the topic of coral reefs and especially coral reef bleaching, as it is a greatly ignored but certainly significant topic. Have fun! 5 coral reef facts 1. The Great Barrier Reef is the largest living structure on the planet and is 2300 km long! 2. Less than 0.1% of the world's ocean surface is covered in coral reefs. 3. At least 25% of all marine animals live there. 4. Coral reefs are often known as the rainforests of the ocean. 5. In 1 square kilometre of coral reef, up to 35 tons of fish can be 'produced'. The 5 biggest coral reefs in the world 1. Great Barrier Reef (near Australia) 2. Red Sea Coral Reef (near Egypt, Israel and Djibouti) 3. New Caledonia Reef (Pacific Ocean near New Caledonia) 4. The Mesoamerican Barrier Reef (near Mexico, Belize, Guatemala and Honduras) 5. Florida Reef (Atlantic Ocean/Gulf of Mexico near Florida) What is coral? Coral is actually made up of small anim...

The life of ... an emperor penguin

Hello, Today, we're looking at the fascinating lives of emperor penguins. These incredible creatures have adapted to survive in the extreme conditions of Antarctica, and in this post, we'll explore their incredible lives. In late May to early June just before the Antarctic winter sets in, female emperor penguins lay a single egg. They then leave the colony and go on a two month hunt. The male rests the egg on his feet and covers it with warm, feathered skin called the brood pouch. He will eat nothing for these two months. The chick hatches in August and the female returned to take over. She has spent two months feeding and now regurgitates some food for the newly-hatched chick. The male leaves to feed himself as he has been living off his fat reserves for the past two months. The female keeps the chick in her brood pouch until the sea ice close to the breeding site breaks up as the temperatures warm. The chick is now strong eno...

Deforestation and why it’s a problem

Hi everyone, Welcome back to another post. Today we’ll be talking about deforestation and its impacts on our earth. Deforestation, the widespread clearance of natural forests, has been happening for thousands of years. One example is Western Europe, where, two millennia ago, 80% of the land was cloaked in dense forest cover. However, over time, a significant portion of this green expanse was sacrificed to create room for crops, livestock grazing, and as a source of fuel and building materials. Presently, a mere 34% of Western Europe retains its woodland. Today, the tropics deal with the brunt of deforestation. Activities such as mining, agriculture, road construction, and the establishment of vast cattle ranches drive the mass clearance of tropical rainforests. This results in the release of huge amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, exacerbating the global climate crisis. The consequences come in two waves: first, the reduced number of...

Marine heatwaves - an ever growing threat?

Hi everyone, So today we're talking about marine heatwaves. We all know about normal heatwaves, they come almost every summer and are either a blessing or a curse depending on where you live. But today we're talking about marine heatwaves. They are increasing rapidly and have become a commonly mentioned topic. There are multiple definitions of marine heatwaves. Generally, they are considered a period of time with unusually high temperatures. Exactly how high and for how long changes depending on which definition you choose. The most common one definition is when the temperature is over the 90th percentile of the area's average seasonal temperature for at least 5 days in a row. For anyone who doesn't know what a percentile is, if you take a test and are at the 90th percentile then it means you are better than 90% of the people who took that test. So in our context, the temperature has to be higher than 90% of the seasonal temperatu...

The life of ... a kangaroo

Welcome back to Green World, Today we're talking about a rather amazing animal that we've all heard of: the kangaroo. Kangaroos are marsupials. They have powerful back legs, short front legs and a strong tail for balance. Kangaroos can weigh up to 90kg and stand over 1.80m tall. They are probably best known for leaping about on their hind legs. And for good reason, grey kangaroos can cover 9 meters in a single bound and travel at more than 55km/h. Interestingly, red kangaroos use less energy when traveling at 10km/h than when traveling at 6.5km/h. All Kangaroos live in Australia, but different species inhabit different areas. Eastern grey kangaroos are found in eastern Australia and Tasmania. Western grey kangaroos are located on the southern coast and in the southwest of western Australia. Red kangaroos dwelll in the interior grasslands and desert while antilope kangaroos can be found on the plains of the tropical north. They l...

25.10.2020 Animal of the week: Snow leopard

Hello everyone, This week's post is about snow leopards. Snow leopards are incredible big cats that roam the mountain ranges of Asia. Snow leopards are very powerful and can climb up and down steep slopes easily, as well as jump up six times their body length. The snow leopard's tail provides balance, agility and warmth. The snow leopard is elusive and solitary and therefore very difficult to spot. They are very important though, because they are at the top of the food chain in this area. Habitat Snow leopards live in northern and central Asia's mountain ranges. These are some of the harshest conditions on earth. However, they white-grey coat with large black spots allows them to blend in with the rocky mountain terrain. They are found in twelve countries including China, Russia and Mongolia. Diet Snow leopards can kill prey up to three times their body weight. This is an incredible feat to pull off as they manage this on their ow...

Autumn Leaves: The science behind one of the most beautiful seasons

Hi everyone! We know that at the time this post is being published it will still be August, and the height of summer here in the Northern Hemisphere, but within the next two months or so, autumn will well and truly be upon us. So, today, we thought we could talk a bit about the science behind this beautiful season. Thinking of autumn automatically brings to mind images of crisp mornings, cosy evenings, and of the picturesque falling leaves with their hues of red, orange, yellow and gold. The change of colour of these leaves marks a change of seasons, and the decreasing temperature and light levels that goes along with that. But why do these leaves lose their greenness and fall from the trees? Trees' leaves contain a chemical called chlorophyll which allows them to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose, or sugars, through a process called photosynthesis . This is how they gain energy from sunlight. Chlorophyll is green in colour, ...

December Factfile

Hello, The fact file vote has come to an end and we have a winner. This year, we will be doing top tips. These will come out at the beginning of the month. These tips are, at the same time, challenges. We hope you will enjoy, and apply them! News Good news New hope for coral reefs A coral reef in India has been restored to health- the proof being in the noises the fish have been making. Many of these strange sounds have never been recorded before. This is amazing, especially considering that the reef has been devastated by blast fishing, where explosives are used to stun or kill everything in the area. Although the corals are being restored, scientists want to know if the animals are also returning and in what numbers. The Guardian states that 'Sound is vital for reef survival, because almost all of its inhabitants, from corals to crustaceans to fish, produce offspring that spend the early part of their lives in the open oceans, before us...

Discussion || Should Everyone Switch To Electric Cars?

Hi Everyone! Thank you so much for joining me today, as I hop on the blog to discuss whether everyone switching to electric cars would really help the environment. In other words, should everyone switch to electric cars? This is the first part of a two-part series, discussing electric cars, so stay tuned for part two!! I would like to start this post by stating that I am by no means an expert. This is knowledge I have from my own experience, and from research I have done. If anything is incorrect please take it as it is and accept that this is a discussion and I am taking on board all opinions from reliable sources on this complex topic. Electric cars are a huge topic when it comes to sustainability and "saving our planet". There is no debating the fact that electric cars are better for the environment than diesel or petrol once they are on the road. But the production of them is often very polluting, with one study show...

Green World

Search This Blog